The objectives of this research are to examine the current situation in Nepal in the wake of the communist party (Unified-Maoist) internal insurrection by (1) discussing from a variety of angles the social and economic changes in Nepal and their backgrounds; and (2) while understanding what contributions anthropology can make in terms of research, seeking to promote the anthropology. In looking at the origins of the problems with the1990 democratization efforts and the Maoist armed struggle which commenced in 1996, we have to consider the special characteristics of Nepal in terms of its monarchial system, its nature as a multiethnic nation, its stratified society with a caste system, disparities in development by region, and its complex relationship with India. In addition, the popularization of global-scale influences such as the concepts of democracy, human rights, freedom, equality, development and their application had a profound connection. This research will attempt to ascertain how these domestic and foreign factors and differing vectors intertwined. We will also consider what approach micro-level research, such as anthropology can offer and can take in response to such a macro-level national crisis.